In the wake of the devastating terrorist attack in Pahalgam, Jammu and Kashmir, which claimed 26 lives, including 25 Indian tourists and one Nepali national, India has initiated a series of significant diplomatic and strategic actions against Pakistan. The attack, attributed to the militant group Kashmir Resistance, has intensified tensions between the two nuclear-armed neighbors.
Suspension of Indus Waters Treaty
India has suspended the 1960 Indus Waters Treaty with immediate effect, citing Pakistan’s alleged support for cross-border terrorism. The treaty, brokered by the World Bank, governs the distribution of the Indus River and its tributaries between the two countries. While India controls the eastern rivers (Sutlej, Beas, Ravi), Pakistan relies heavily on the western rivers (Indus, Jhelum, Chenab) for agriculture and hydropower. The suspension allows India to withhold information and water releases during dry periods, potentially impacting Pakistan’s agriculture and food security.
Closure of Attari-Wagah Border
The integrated check post at Attari, the only road crossing between India and Pakistan, has been closed with immediate effect. Individuals who have crossed over with valid endorsements are permitted to return through this route before May 1, 2025.
Visa Restrictions and Expulsions
India has revoked all SAARC Visa Exemption Scheme (SVES) visas issued to Pakistani nationals. Those currently in India under the SVES visa have been given 48 hours to leave the country. Furthermore, Pakistani nationals will no longer be permitted to travel to India under this scheme.
Diplomatic Downgrades
In a significant diplomatic move, India has declared the defence, military, naval, and air advisers in the Pakistani High Commission in New Delhi as persona non grata, giving them a week to leave the country. India will also withdraw its own defence, navy, and air advisers from the Indian High Commission in Islamabad.
Additionally, the overall strength of both high commissions will be reduced from 55 to 30 personnel by May 1, 2025.
Pakistan’s Response
Pakistan has condemned the suspension of the Indus Waters Treaty, labeling it as a potential act of war. Officials have warned of severe economic and food security impacts due to the treaty’s suspension. Pakistan’s government has denied involvement in the Pahalgam attack and criticized India’s actions as violations of international laws.
The situation remains tense, with both nations taking steps that signal a severe diplomatic and military standoff. The international community watches closely as the potential for further escalation looms.
